Shallow foundation is a type of foundation which transfers building loads to the earth very near the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range of depths as does a deep foundation. Shallow foundations include spread footing foundations, mat-slab foundations, and slab-on-grade foundations
Spread footing foundation
- Spread footing foundations consists of strips or pads of concrete (or other materials) which transfer the loads from walls and columns to the soil or bedrock.
- Embedment of spread footings is controlled by several factors, including development of lateral capacity, penetration of soft near-surface layers, and penetration through near-surface layers likely to change volume due to frost heave or shrink-swell.
- used to distribute heavy column and wall loads across the entire building area, to lower the contact pressure compared to conventional spread footings.
- can be constructed near the ground surface, or at the bottom of basements. In high-rise buildings, mat-slab foundations can be several meters thick, with extensive reinforcing to ensure relatively uniform load transfer.
- The concrete slab that is to serve as the foundation for the structure is formed from a mold set into the ground.
- The concrete is then poured into the mold, leaving no space between the ground and the structure.
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