

Deep foundations are distinguished from shallow foundation by the depth they are embedded into the ground.
- There are many reasons a geotechnical engineer would recommend a deep foundation over a shallow foundation, but some of the common reasons are very large design loads, a poor soil at shallow depth, or site constraints (like property lines).
- There are different terms used to describe different types of deep foundations including piles, drilled shafts, caissons, and piers.
- Deep foundations can be made out of timber, steel, reinforced concrete and pre-tensioned concrete.
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reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction